Henrik Gudmundsson, Ralph P. Hall, GregSchool Marsden & Josias Zietsman Department of Transport of Public and International Affairs Sustainable Transportation - Indicators, Frameworks, and Performance Management Technical University of Denmark Virginia Tech Kgs. Lyngby Blacksburg 1. edition 2015 Denmark Henrik Gudmundsson Ralph P. Hall © Samfundslitteratur 2015 Cover: Imperiet Institute for Transport Studies Print: Specialtrykkeriet Viborg University of Leeds UK 978-87-593-1559-0 ISBN: Leeds Greg Marsden Virginia USA Josias Zietsman Texas A&M University System Texas A&M Transportation Institute College Station Texas USA Co-publication by Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg Germany and Samfundslitteratur, Frederiksberg Denmark. Co-publication by Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg This is the Scandinavian edition – only for saleGermany in Scandinavia. and Samfundslitteratur, Frederiksberg Denmark. A similar international edition is published by Springer, Heidelberg, Germany. If outside of Scandinavia, please order the book from Springer: http://www.springer.com This edition is for countries outside of Scandinavia. Please order the book from Springer Verlag: www.springer.com For orders from Scandinavia please order the book from Samfundslitteratur Press: www.samfundslitteratur.dk ISSN 2192-4333 ISSN 2192-4341 (electronic) Springer Texts in Business and Economics ISBN 978-3-662-46923-1 ISBN 978-3-662-46924-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-46924-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015939346 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or Published by: dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this Samfundslitteratur publication Allé does not Rosenørns 9 imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. DK-1970 Frederiksberg C the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this The publisher, the authors and Denmark book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. info@samfundslitteratur.dk The first edition has to be published at the same time, with the same title, and by the same authors. samfundslitteratur.dk Printed on acid-free paper Springer-Verlag GmbH Berlin Heidelberg is part Springer Science+Business Media All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may of be reproduced or transmitted in (www.springer.com) any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher.